最新嵌入式系統|常用詞匯表2

N
NVRAM
Non-Volatile Random-Access Memory. A type of RAM that retains its data even when the system is powered down. NVRAM frequently consists of an SRAM and a long-life battery.
非易失的隨機訪問存儲器。一種能在系統關機的情況下保持它的數據的RAM。NVRAM常常由SRAM和長壽命電池組成。

O
OTP
See one-time programmable.

object code（目標代碼）
A set of processor-readable opcodes and data. The output of compilers,assemblers, linkers, and locators are files containing object code.
處理器能讀的操作碼和數據。編譯器、匯編器、連接器和定位器的輸出文件都含有目標代碼。

object file（目標文件）
A file containing object code. The output of a compiler or assembler.
包含目標代碼的文件。編譯器或匯編器的輸出。

one-time programmable（一次可編程的）
Any programmable device, like a PROM, that can be programmed just once by the end user. However, this term is used almost exclusively to refer to microcontrollers with on-chip PROM.
任一可編程的設備，像PROM，僅僅能被最終用戶編程一次。然而，這個術語一般被專有地使用在擁有片上PROM的微控制器上。

opcode
A sequence of bits that is recognized by the processor as one of the instructions in its instruction set.
一串被處理器驗證過的二進制位的序列，它作為其指令集的一個子集。

operating system（操作系統）
A piece of software that makes multitasking possible. An operating system typically consists of a set of function calls, or software interrupts, and a periodic clock tick. The operating system is responsible for deciding which task should be using the processor at a given time and for controlling access to shared resources.
使多任務能夠實現的一個軟件。一個操作系統典型地由一個函數調用集、軟件中斷和定期時鐘周期組成。一個操作系統負責決定哪一個任務在給定的時間將使用處理器，并且控制對共享資源的訪問。

Oscilloscope（示波器）
A hardware debugging tool that allows you to view the voltage on one or more electrical lines. For example, you might use an oscilloscope to determine if a particular interrupt is currently asserted.
一種硬件調試工具，它讓你能觀察到一個或更多電路上的電壓。例如：如果一個特殊的中斷發生，你可以用一個示波器去檢測它。

P
PROM（可編程只讀存儲器）
Programmable Read-Only Memory. A type of ROM that can be written (programmed) with a device programmer. These memory devices can be programmed only once, so they are sometimes referred to as write-once or one-time programmable devices.
可編程只讀存儲器。能被設備編程器寫的一種ROM。這種內存設備可以被編程一次，所以它們有時被作為寫一次或一次性編程設備來看待。

parallel processing（并行進程）
The ability to apply two or more processors to a single computation.
一種在單個計算機上運行兩個或多個程序的能力。

Peripheral （外設）
A piece of hardware other than the processor, usually memory or an I/O device. The peripheral may reside within the same chip as the processor, in which case it is called an internal peripheral.
一種不同于處理器的硬件設備，常指內存或I/O設備。外設經常和處理器在一片芯片上，在這種情況下，它被稱為集成外設。

physical address（物理地址）
The actual address that is placed on the address bus when accessing a memory location or register.
當訪問內存位置或寄存器時，在地址總線上的真實的地址。

Preemptive（搶先）
A scheduler is said to be preemptive if it allows the running task to be suspended when a higher-priority task becomes ready. Non-preemptive schedulers are easier to implement but less appropriate for embedded systems.
當一個高優先級的任務準備好時，充許正在運行的任務被掛起的調度策略被稱為優先。無優先的調度策略更容易實現一些但適合在嵌入式系統中使用。

Polling(輪詢)
A method of interfacing with hardware that involves repeatedly reading a status register until the device has reached the awaited state. Device drivers are either polling or interrupt-driven, with the latter being more generally preferred.本文由容源電子網（www.wjlybz.com）整理提供，部分內容來源于網絡，如有侵犯到你的權利請與我們聯系更正。